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Month: June 2022

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Himmelfarb Library’s Scholarly Communications Committee is pleased to announce five new short lectures have been added to our video library! This round of videos cover topics such as finding article publishing charges (APC) costs, changing citation styles in PubMed, contextualizing preprints and more. 

Locating Article Publishing Charges (APCs)- In this video, you’ll learn about Article Publishings Charges (APCs), how to find them on a publisher’s website and at the end of the tutorial, receive some tips that will help you handle APCs. 

Changing Citation Styles in PubMed- Would you like to learn how to switch from AMA to APA or MLA? This video will focus on changing citation styles when generating citations in PubMed.

Locating Manuscript Guidelines- Learn how to locate manuscript preparation guidelines and author resources for scholarly journals. This tutorial will guide you through three different journal websites to show you where manuscript guidelines are typically located. 


Finding Journals with JCR- In this tutorial, you’ll learn about the Journal Citations Report database and how it can help you discover scholarly journals where you can submit your research for publication.

APA Citations for Legal Resources-  Are you familiar with the Bluebook legal citation style? Do you want to cite case law, but are unsure of the proper citation format?This video will provide a basic introduction to this citation style used by the APA which is useful when citing legal resources.

These videos and the committee’s other videos from previous lectures are located under the ‘Scholarly Communications Video Tutorials’ tab on the Scholarly Publishing guide. The guide also includes resources to help scholars find a journal that will publish their research, tips on how to spot and avoid predatory publishers, ways to increase the visibility of your published research and more!

 The Committee is working on another set of videos that will be released during the fall semester 2022. The committee members are eager for feedback and/or suggestions for video topics. We would love to hear from you! If you have a scholarly publishing topic that you’d like the committee to discuss, please contact the committee chair, Sara Hoover, at shoover@gwu.edu.

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Picture of four diverse friends walking and talking. Text: June 27: National HIV Testing Day. Let's Stop HIV Together (TM).
Image downloaded from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/awareness/testingday.html

June 27th is National HIV Testing Day! First observed in 1997, this is a day intended to encourage people to get tested for HIV. This year's theme is “HIV Testing is Self-care.” Many of us have become more aware of the importance of self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and continue to focus on self-care as we navigate our current daily lives. But self-care is more than just enjoying some quiet time with a good book, going for a walk in nature, or taking a relaxing bath to unwind after a stressful day. Self-care is also about taking care of all aspects of your health. By getting tested for HIV, you are taking the first step towards knowing your HIV status and learning more about HIV prevention or pursuing treatment. 

HIV, the virus that can cause AIDS if left untreated, can only be detected and diagnosed through testing. It’s recommended that everyone between the ages of 15 and 65 years old gets tested for HIV at least once. Pregnant people should also be tested as proper diagnosis and treatment can not only improve the health of the pregnant person but can also reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to the infant during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Individuals who are at a higher risk of contracting HIV (individuals who share needles or have sex without a condom) should consider being tested frequently. 

HIV tests detect antibodies to HIV. Antibodies typically appear within 3-12 weeks after an individual is infected with HIV (Fauci, Folkers, & Lane, 2022). The most commonly used HIV tests are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, also known as EIA or ELISA tests (Adams & Woelk, 2014). ELISA tests are more than 99.9% accurate and are available as saliva tests (Adams & Woelk, 2014). Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT) look for the HIV virus in the blood and can detect HIV sooner than other types of tests (CDC, 2022). While many self-tests and rapid antibody tests can provide results within 20-30 minutes, NAT or antigen/antibody lab tests can take a few days to receive results (CDC, 2022). 

Getting tested is as easy as going to your doctor’s office. Physicians and health care providers should consider including conversations about HIV testing with patients as part of providing regular routine care. 

Clinicians Chat: HIV Screening: Making it Part of the Routine (https://youtu.be/JBM7d-ONlgY)

Finding a testing site is easy with the HIV Testing Sites and Care Services Locator.

You can also check out local testing options through DC Health, the Maryland Department of Health, or the Virginia Department of Health websites.

To learn more about HIV and HIV testing, check out these additional resources:

There’s no better way to celebrate National HIV Testing Day this June 27th than to take or schedule your HIV test!

References:

Adams L.V., & Woelk G.B. (2014). Chapter 10. tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Markle W.H., & Fisher M.A., & Smego R.A., Jr.(Eds.), Understanding Global Health, 2e. McGraw Hill. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=710&sectionid=46796911

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Types of HIV Tests. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/test-types.html

Fauci A.S., & Folkers G.K., & Lane H (2022). Human immunodeficiency virus disease: aids and related disorders. Loscalzo J, & Fauci A, & Kasper D, & Hauser S, & Longo D, & Jameson J(Eds.), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 21e. McGraw Hill. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095&sectionid=265434013

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A recent report compiled by Ryan Beardsley (Senior Consultant) and Gali Halevi (Director) at the Insitute for Scientific Information, explored the diversity of authorship of STEM publications and found that the ethnicity of authors in the United States has not changed significantly during the past 10 years.

It is widely acknowledged that diversity encourages innovation, improved decision-making, and improved outcomes. Reasons for the continued lack of diversity within higher education mentioned in the report included “insufficient time, funding and knowledge of best practices” (Beardsley & Halevi, 2022). 

The report aimed to accomplish the following: 

  • Identify the ethnicity of authors of research articles published in STEM disciplines
  • Identify the gaps in ethnic diversity within the published research
  • Discover participation and inclusivity trends of authorship
  • Discover and identify changes in levels of authorship among underrepresented minorities

The report tracked the ethnicity of authorship using bibliographic authors’ last names as retrieved from articles indexed in Web of Science. Articles selected for inclusion were limited to publications from U.S. institutions authored by U.S. authors. Articles published by organizations outside of the U.S. and/or with international authors were excluded from this analysis. The authors’ last names were extracted from the bibliographic data and compared to U.S. Census data. 

Since publishers don’t typically gather ethnicity or demographic data about authors, a system needed to be developed to estimate author ethnicity. Author names were not assigned to a single ethnic group. Author names were “assigned the fractional probability of the respective ethnicities” based upon the frequency of the last name being self-identified within a specific ethnic group in U.S. Census data (Beardsley & Halevi, 2022). For example, if the last name appears in Census data to have self-identified as “90% White Only, 5% Black Only, 2% Asian/Pacific Islands Only, and 3% Two or More Races,” the last name was assigned the same percentage in those same ethnicity categories (Beardsley & Halevi, 2022). 

The report selected four areas of research within STEM on which to focus: biochemistry, mathematics, medical research, and computer science. The table below displays the authorship findings for biochemistry and medical research. 

2020 Authorship Data
BiochemistryMedical Research
White Only41.90%42.00%
Asian/Pacific Island Only24.00%23.00%
Black Only5.50%5.50%
Hispanic5.20%5.10%
Native American /Alaska Native0.33%0.32%

In the discipline of biochemistry, Asian/Pacific Island Only authorship was higher than the representation in the general population. At the same time, Hispanic authorship was significantly underrepresented compared to the representation in the general population. 

In medical research, Asian/Pacific Island Only authorship (23% in 2020) was significantly higher than the representation within the general population, while all other ethnicities were underrepresented compared to the general population. White Only authorship continues to make up the largest percentage of published research but has decreased from 45% in 2010 to 42% in 2020. 

The conclusions of this report found that there has been very little change in the overall rate of authorship within specific ethnic groups over the past ten years, despite an “increasing awareness of the importance of improved diversity” (Beardsley & Halevi, 2022). The authors recommend increased mentorship, development, and education efforts in this area. They also stated a need for increased collaboration between universities, funding agencies, and publishers. For those interested in learning more, download the full report.

Are you interested in learning more about diversity in STEM? Here are some articles for further reading on this topic:

References:

Beardsley, R., & Halevi, G. (2022). Insights: Ethnic diversity in STEM in the United States.

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Welcome!
Photo by Nico Smit on Unsplash

From all of us here at Himmelfarb Library, we’d like to welcome all new residents, fellows, physician assistants, and students! We are excited that you’re here and we look forward to serving you during this phase of your medical or health sciences training. We know the beginning of any journey can be daunting, so we’d like to make it easier for you to familiarize yourself with Himmelfarb Library and help you get to know us a bit.

To help you get your bearings, here’s a short, video tour of the library.

Resources for Residents & Fellows:

Himmelfarb has numerous resources to help new residents and fellows navigate this new stage of your training. Our Residents and Fellows Guide is filled with helpful information about how to access Himmelfarb’s resources from the GW Hospital and other off-campus locations. Links to our most popular clinical resources including DynaMed, ClinicalKey, Lexicomp, and PubMed are also available in this guide. The guide also provides links to specific program resources, so you can easily find resources geared towards your specialization.

NEJM Resident 360 is available! Start by creating your free personal account using your GW email address (GWemail@gwu.edu). After creating your account, access the resource through the library or directly through NEJM Resident 360. This resource contains interactive cases, videos, rotation prep materials, clinical pearls, morning reports, and more!

Do you want to use our resources from your mobile device? Check out our App Shelf to download apps to selected resources and make Himmelfarb’s resources even more easily accessible. To learn more about GW University and GW Hospital wireless access, accessing your GW email, and GW Hospital clinical systems, visit the Wireless and Clinical Systems Guide.

Himmelfarb Resources Available 24/7 from Anywhere!

Himmelfarb’s 125+ databases, 6,500+ journals, and 6,700+ ebooks are available 24/7 from anywhere! For seamless access to full-text articles available from our collection, install the LibKey Nomad browser extension. Use the Read by QxMD app and website to keep up with published research in your specialty. When accessing our resources remotely, we encourage you to use the GW VPN. You can find directions on how to install the VPN on our off-campus access page. If you need help troubleshooting an access issue, don’t hesitate to reach out to us (himmsubs@gwu.edu).

Need Research Help? 

Getting help with your research is a breeze at Himmelfarb! Our knowledgeable reference librarians are available to help answer your questions both in person at our reference desk or remotely. Our Ask a Librarian service connects you directly with our reference and research staff! Need help with a systematic review? Consider using our Systematic Review Service for help developing a search strategy, finding relevant articles, and organizing your search results. 

Tutorials, Guides, and More!

As you get settled into this new chapter of your medicine and health sciences journey, don’t forget that Himmelfarb has more to offer than just databases, journals, and books. We have a wealth of research guides that can connect you with resources on a variety of topics. Do you need help navigating the publishing landscape? Check out our Early Career Researchers, Scholarly Publishing, Predatory Publishing, and Measuring Scholarly Impact guides and our Scholarly Communications webinars and short tutorials. We also have a large selection of tutorials on a wide range of topics. 

Connect with us on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube for the latest Himmelfarb news and updates. 

We look forward to serving you! Welcome to the GW community!

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Photo by Markus Spiske

In the United States, June is designated as Pride Month where LGBTQIA+ individuals, families, organizations and their allies commemorate the 1969 Stonewall Riots, recognize the struggle for marriage equality, bring awareness to discriminatory legislation and celebrate the range of gender identities and sexualities. Washington D.C. hosts a large Pride parade and festival every year and this year’s event, which occurred June 11th and 12th, was projected to have over half a million people in attendance. If you missed the parade and festival, there are still organizations, resources and events, including another local Pride festival, that will allow you to connect with members of D.C.’s LGBTQIA+ community. 

  • 2022 Arlington Pride Festival- June 25, 2022 marks the first year that Arlington, Virginia will host its own Pride celebration. The event will be held at Gateway Park in the Rosslyn neighborhood, which is metro-accessible. The festival starts at noon and will end at 7 pm. There will be performances, vendors, food and other entertainment and it is free to attend. Make the trip across the Potomac on the 25th and come celebrate this year’s Pride month! 
  • The DC Center- Located on 14th Street NW, the DC Center for the LGBT Community is a local community center who “educates, empowers, celebrates, and connects the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities.” The DC Center hosts many social and community events including Reel Affirmations, an international LGBTQ film festival, and OutWrite, a literary festival. On June 23rd-26th, the DC Center will have the DC Pride Film Festival 2022. In-person film screenings will take place on the 23rd at 7pm and 9pm at the E Street Cinema and virtual screenings will begin on the 24th. The DC Center hosts other community building events and social and peer support groups to help people connect. Be sure to check out their website to learn more about their work! 
  • The Library of Congress- The Library of Congress has several resources to help you learn more about Pride celebrations and the LGBTQIA+ community. Their ‘History of Pride’ is an interactive webpage that goes into detail about the Stonewall Riots and how that historical event eventually became Pride Month. They also have several online resources and archives including the ‘LGBTQIA+ Studies: A Resource Guide’ and the ‘LGBTQ+ Studies Web Archive’ which “collects and preserves online content which documents LGBTQ+ history, scholarship, and culture in the United States and around the world.” If you’re interested in accessing primary and/or secondary sources related to the LGBTQIA+ community, be sure to explore the Library of Congress’ collections. 
  • Himmelfarb Library- Himmelfarb Library has an assortment of books, journals, articles, blog posts and other resources that focus on LGBTQ+ healthcare. Last year, we published several blog posts for Pride month including a profile of Dr. Rachel Levine, the first openly trans woman to be confirmed to a federal position by Congress, a 2021 Pride resources list that featured titles in our collection, such as the Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health and Transgender Mental Health,  and most recently we published a post on trans healthcare and how transphobic bias severely impacts trans patients. The staff at Himmelfarb Library are committed to providing resources that not only meet the needs of our patrons, but also encourage them to think critically about social and cultural issues that have an impact on healthcare. 

Washington D.C. and the surrounding Northern Virginia and Maryland area is home to a thriving LGBTQ+ community and there are other organizations that provide support for people. This list curated by Arlington County has additional organizations that were not featured in this blog post. And if you have an organization that you’d like to highlight, please leave their information in the comments section. May you all have a safe and joyous Pride! 

Three Black and disabled folx smile and hold mini flags. On the left, a non-binary person holds both a rainbow pride flag and a transgender pride flag, while a cane rests behind her. In the middle, a non-binary person waves the rainbow flag while in their power wheelchair. On the right, a femme waves both a rainbow and transgender pride flag. (via Disabled and Here image collection)

Photo Credit: Chona Kasinger. Part of the Disabled and Here image collection.

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On June 19th, look for buildings lit in red to raise awareness of sickle cell disease and the challenges experienced by patients, their families and caregivers. The inherited blood disorder occurs in more than 100,000 people in the US, resulting in serious chronic disease and 75,000 hospitalizations annually. 

The Sickle Cell Anemia Act of 1972 raised awareness of the disease and increased screening so that early intervention is now common. 20 years ago the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine helped to reduce the mortality rate for children under 4 with sickle cell disease by 42%. Today, patients are best managed in a comprehensive multidisciplinary program of care that can include penicillin prophylaxis in those under 5, hydroxyurea, blood transfusions and opioids for pain management. Since 2017, three additional medications are now available to help manage symptoms: L-glutamine, crizanlizumab and voxelotor. Still most management of sickle cell disease is palliative and not a cure.

 “…unfortunately, patients still have a poor quality of life because of extreme pain episodes, end-organ damage, and also a reduced life expectancy.”1

Starting in 1984, bone marrow transplant has been used as a therapy in patients with disease serious enough to outweigh the risks of the procedure, and for whom a good donor match can be found. About 1,200 of these procedures have been reported. In 2018, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute at NIH launched the Cure Sickle Cell Initiative to advance gene therapy for sickle cell disease; a number of clinical trials are currently underway. The CEDAR study in phase 1 clinical trials uses gene correction, a combination of gene editing and addition. You can learn more about current therapies, including gene therapies, in this article from the American Society of Hematology Education Program.2

Though gene therapy is promising, we are still far from a cure for this debilitating chronic disease. To learn more about the Shine the Light campaign and what you can do to advance research visit the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America site.

  1. Ashorobi D, Bhatt R. Bone Marrow Transplantation In Sickle Cell Disease. [Updated 2021 Jul 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538515/
  2. Kanter, J., & Falcon, C. (2021). Gene therapy for sickle cell disease: where we are now?. Hematology, 2021(1), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2021000250

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Image displaying book covers of Himmelfarb's top Neurology e-books.

June is Alzheimer's and Brain Awareness Month! Check out Himmelfarb Library’s top neurology e-books (based on 2021 usage):

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This is the first post in Himmelfarb’s new series “Disorder in the Court,” which will examine true crime stories with medical connections. Know of a great story to feature? Email Rachel Brill at rgbrill@gwu.edu.

Warning: This post contains discussion of a child’s death.

In July 1989, Patricia Stallings took her 3-month-old son Ryan to a children’s hospital. He was presenting with lethargy, emesis, and tachypnea (rapid breathing). A gas chromatography test revealed an elevated level of ethylene glycol in Ryan’s blood (Shoemaker et al., 1992). This is a compound found in antifreeze. Authorities believed that Stallings had intentionally poisoned her son with antifreeze.

After medical treatment, Ryan was placed in protective custody. The next month, Stallings was granted a short visit with her son. Only a few days after that visit, Ryan’s medical issues resurfaced. He received treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning, but sadly, he died.

Stallings was charged with first-degree murder. In 1991, she was convicted of Ryan’s murder and sentenced to life in prison. But only a few months later, Stallings was acquitted. Medical evidence proved that she had not killed her son.

While awaiting trial, Stallings had given birth to another son, D.J. He was placed in foster care. At only one month old, D.J. began displaying symptoms similar to the ones Ryan had. Doctors diagnosed D.J. with a genetic disorder called methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), a type of organic acidemia (DynaMed). This disorder disrupts normal amino acid metabolism, resulting in the inability to digest certain fats and proteins. This causes an often-fatal buildup of methylmalonic acid in the blood. MMA is rare, occurring in about 1 of 50,000 births (Baumgartner et al., 2014). One fact critical to this story is that methylmalonic acidemia causes the production of propionic acid, which is almost indistinguishable from ethylene glycol.

D.J. was treated for MMA and recovered. At first, Stallings and her lawyer were unable to prove that Ryan also had had MMA. Without strong evidence, the judge dismissed the theory. But after Stallings’ conviction, her case was featured on Unsolved Mysteries. Dr. William Sly and Dr. James Shoemaker of St. Louis University saw the episode and offered to test a blood sample from Ryan. Shoemaker knew that in order to identify propionic acid correctly, a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry test is required, rather than gas chromatography alone (Shoemaker et al., 1992). This test determined that Ryan had in fact died from MMA.

Stallings was released from prison in July 1991 pending a new trial, and the case against her was dropped entirely in September 1991. She later reached an out-of-court settlement with the hospitals and laboratories involved in the case.

References

Baumgartner MR, Hörster F, Dionisi-Vici C, Haliloglu G, Karall D, Chapman KA, Huemer M, Hochuli M, Assoun M, Ballhausen D, Burlina A, Fowler B, Grünert SC, Grünewald S, Honzik T, Merinero B, Pérez-Cerdá C, Scholl-Bürgi S, Skovby F, Wijburg F, MacDonald A, Martinelli D, Sass JO, Valayannopoulos V, Chakrapani A. Proposed guidelines for the diagnosis and management of methylmalonic and propionic acidemia. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2014;9:130. doi: 10.1186/s13023-014-0130-8. https://wrlc-gwahlth.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01WRLC_GWAHLTH/gr7gmc/cdi_gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A540650471

DynaMed. Organic Acidemias. EBSCO Information Services. Accessed April 27, 2022. https://www.dynamed.com/condition/organic-acidemias-23

Shoemaker JD, Lynch RE, Hoffmann JW, Sly WS. Misidentification of propionic acid as ethylene glycol in a patient with methylmalonic acidemia. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1992;120(3):417-21. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80909-6. https://wrlc-gwahlth.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01WRLC_GWAHLTH/gr7gmc/cdi_webofscience_primary_A1992HG94000013CitationCount

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If you are a student, staff or faculty member of the GW SMHS, SON, GWSPH, GW Hospital and MFA, you can use our 3D printer to support teaching, learning, and research related to the core missions of the schools and institutions we serve. There is no limit on the number of circulated requests; we aim to support you in your educational, clinical, and research pursuits! Before submitting your print request, please note some limitations on use such as copyrighted images. Check out our 3D Printing Guide for more information.

There are a few steps to take before printing your item, firstly make sure you have your STL (.stl) or OBJ (.obj) files prepared and with you at the time of submitting your request. Make sure that your item is smaller than 8 x 8 x 8 inches. Keep in mind that requests are processed on a first come first serve basis, processing time might take 5-7 business days for your request to be printed. 

WIth 10 different filament colors available, we are happy to be able to offer these printing services to you. Printed requests may only be picked up by the requester at the Himmelfarb library Circulation Desk. 

To learn more,  review our 3D Printing policy, and explore these web pages that have a variety of 3D models for you to use! 

If you have read the guidelines, have your file and are ready to submit your project, you can do so through our submit request page. 

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Rates of physician and nurse burnout have risen dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are multiple causes including chaotic and emotionally draining work environments and high work loads exacerbated by staffing shortages. But another contributing factor predates the pandemic, excessive documentation burden.

Excessive documentation is a byproduct of electronic health record (EHR) systems. And it may be particularly burdensome in the US healthcare system. A 2018 article by Downing, et al in the Annals of Internal Medicine noted:

“The highly trained U.S. physician…has become a data-entry clerk, required to document not only diagnoses, physician orders, and patient visit notes but also an increasing amount of low-value administrative data. To justify billing to such payers as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, physicians must specify diagnoses from long and confusing arrays of choices relating to each test or procedure and document a clinically irrelevant number of elements for the history of present illness, review of systems, and physical examination.“1

Along with complex documentation requirements, high email message volume and poor usability of EHRs are other factors in clinician frustration with the systems.2

This past year the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) launched an initiative with Columbia and Vanderbilt Universities funded by the National Library of Medicine to reduce clinician documentation burdens by 75% in five years. A virtual symposium of experts was held in January and February of 2021 and this spring they released their 25x5 Symposium Summary Report. The report identified over 80 action items to streamline workflows and eliminate or automate wherever possible billing, legal issues, and regulatory requirements. “The Symposium activities were informed by one key theme: clinician documentation is for patient care delivery and clinician-patient communication.”3  Confirming the 2018 Annals paper, the symposium found that US clinicians spend 75% more time with EHR documentation than clinicians in other economically developed nations. 

The report includes calls to action for providers/health systems, policy/advocacy groups, and vendors. Each will play a role in finding solutions. For example, providers and health systems are tasked with providing better training and supporting real-time information retrieval, while vendors are asked to promote an ecosystem of interoperable systems. The action items will be  divided into short, intermediate, and long-term goals that will be implemented by a network of allies and working groups. You can follow developments in the 25x5 effort on the AMIA web page.

  1. Downing, N. L., Bates, D. W., & Longhurst, C. A. (2018). Physician burnout in the electronic health record era: are we ignoring the real cause?. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(1), 50-51. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0139
  2. Poon, E. G., Trent Rosenbloom, S., & Zheng, K. (2021). Health information technology and clinician burnout: Current understanding, emerging solutions, and future directions. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 28(5), 895-898.https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab058
  3. Rossetti, S. C., Rosenbloom, F. S. T., Detmer, D., Kevin Johnson, M. D., Cato, K., Cohen, D., ... & Sachson, C. Report from the 25 By 5: Symposium Series to Reduce Documentation Burden on US Clinicians by 75% by 2025. https://www.dbmi.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/DRAFT_25x5_Executive_Summary.pdf
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