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Most of us have been there: we’re supposed to be sleeping – we have an early morning commitment – but instead we’re on social media, rafting down an infinite scroll. We're reflexively checking our phones, not even sure what we’re looking for, stuck in a “hyper-stimulated loop” and pulled out of every moment. We attend social events, but everyone is staring at their palms. 

People looking at smartphones.
Photo by camilo jimenez on Unsplash

By now smartphones – and particularly social media, which chomp up a lion's share of users’ attention – have been fodder for literal dystopias (like Black Mirror) or disturbing documentaries (like The Social Dilemma), and yet, it’s still quite easy to scroll. 

Common sense and research, in a rare and satisfying union, tell us that, yes, smartphone usage can be actually deleterious, mentally speaking, and yet, even while nodding along, it's still quite easy to scroll. 

Smartphones, of course, are astounding tools, integrating into most corners of human life and radically enhancing many of them: they’re magic that we take for granted. But as fairy tales have taught us, magic always comes with a price. In this case, the price is attention and focus; smartphones bestow god-like powers [to paraphrase Yuval Noah Harari in Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, if Zeus had Twitter, Hermes would be out of a job], but overuse can make us less healthy, less productive, and more stressed. Feeling this and changing are two different things, of course, since phones are designed to capture as much attention as possible (and in the case of media, monetize it). There’s a casino in our pockets, with casino-boss odds. 

Fortunately though, for those of us who want to step back (a lot or a little), we have plenty of room to experiment: both with what we want from smartphones and how they actually are affecting us, person to person, and how we can modify our use to best match our goals. 

Test Run an Unplug: 

If you notice phones getting in the way of interpersonal relationships, try going to a social engagement - coffee, dinner, a party - and experiment with not using your phone at all. Note how present (or distant) you feel, whether people are engaged, and whether you feel an urge to disengage. 

You can do this as frequently or infrequently as it benefits you. 

Go for a Nature Walk: 

The DMV has some great trails!  And while there are few things as centering as being in nature, you don’t need to go hiking to seek a mental reset. Local parks do the trick - or even just green space around the city helps. 

As an exercise in being present, consider finding a safe environment and take a walk without the phone. Or if you’re on a hike with friends, choose a dedicated phone user (for GPS/emergency calls), and leave your phone in the car. 

A tree by a body of water.
picture taken by author in Kassel, Germany,

Journal About It 

Ask yourself what you actually want from your phone - and if you expect to get it through texts, mentions, or anything on a newsfeed. Be deliberate in thinking when reflexive phone use kicks in. See how you feel with and without the phone - and what demands for your time are really worth your time. 

Meditation:

Meditation options abound around GWU and DC, but these may not be convenient; mediation apps can be accessed wherever you are. "Waking Up" is a fine example, because it provides daily guided meditations, and will give out free accounts to anyone who asks for one.

Which of course, demonstrates the irony: at the swirling storm-eye of notifications, smartphones can be tools to enhance your focus (if used well!).

Quality of Life Options: 

Turn off notifications for non-essential apps, or take time (a day, a week, a month) to deactivate social media. Many people online have experimented with turning their phones to grayscale, making the phone significantly less visually stimulating, and theoretically less addictive. [This writer has tried it and, anecdotally speaking, it helps!].

Rekindle a Hobby (or take up a new one): 

Cutting back smartphone usage will free up time, invariably. This is an amazing chance to practice a skill or develop an art. 

Of course, it’s important to note that not all smartphone use is the same, nutritionally speaking: considering that use can range from reading to calling loved ones to accessing literally anything on the internet. But it’s the compulsive use – from things not sought out and not benefited from – that’s worth trimming down this summer, even just to see how being present feels.

References:

Harari, Yuval Noah. (2017). Homo Deus. Harper.

Himmelfarb librarians share their 2024 summer reading recommendations!
A person reading at the beach.
Photo by Dan Dumitriu on Unsplash

Summer’s here, and with its lengthier vacations and (potentially) lighter workloads, it’s the perfect time to broaden your horizons and read. To help you navigate the almost endless sea of options, we’ve queried the Himmelfarb staff for their summer reading recommendations. Whether you’re at a lake house or a beach, an air-conditioned metro or your living room, you can’t go wrong with one of these summer reads. 

 

Coming of Age and Plot Driven Dramas

Summer is the time of heat and action, the season of youth and change, but it can also be languid, a time to lie around and dream. If you want moving entertainment or a slice of life that makes you reflect on who you are and who you want to be, one of these recommendations is for you. 

Ruth Bueter, Himmelfarb’s Associate Director, recommends: 

Title: Turtles All the Way Down

Author: John Green
Genre: Fiction, Young Adult
Reason for Recommendation:  “In addition to being a fantastic and honest portrayal of anxiety and OCD, this one is just a fun read. It was recently made into a film (currently streaming on HBO Max).”

Where to Borrow: Consortium Loan

 

Deborah Wassertzug, Reference and Instructional Librarian, recommends: 

Titles:  Mary Jane, The Summer of Naked Swim Parties, Drinking Closer to Home, The Wonder Bread Summer, and The Trouble with Lexie.

Author: Jessica Anya Blau 

Where to Borrow: Mary Jane - DC Public Library [Physial Book, Ebook, and Audio Book], The Summer of Naked Swim Parties - Consortium Loan, Drinking Closer to Home - Consortium Loan

Bonus: watch Blau’s interview with a librarian about her latest book, Mary Jane

 

Mysteries and Ghosts 

But summer isn’t all sunshine and snappy plots. Warm nights are the perfect time for chills: fictional or non-fictional. If you’re interested in a ghost story, consider one of these recommendations and remember that no matter how dark the summer night, the sun is never far from the horizon. 

Ian Roberts, Acquisitions & Resource Sharing Librarian, recommends:

Title: Ghostland: An American History in Haunted Places

Author: Colin Dickey

Genre: Non-Fiction/Ghosts and folklore/Sociology

Reason for Recommendation:  “A sometimes fun, sometimes weighty examination of ghost stories, the places they happen (houses, burial sites, hospitals, prisons), and what they say about us and our history.” 

Where to Borrow: Consortium Loan

Laura Abate, Himmelfarb Director, recommends: 

Title: The Book of Cold Cases

Author: Simone St. James

Genre: Mystery

Reason for Recommendation:  “Fast-paced mystery thriller that includes multiple mysteries and timelines plus a terrifically scary haunted house.”

Where to Borrow: DC Public Library [Physical, Ebook, and Audio book]

 

Literary:

If you seek linguistic fireworks, story-telling prowess, and big themes, then in the season of blue skies and bigger horizons, these might be the books for you. 

Randy Plym, Evening Circulation Supervisor, recommends: 

Title: The Moviegoer

Author: Walker Percy
Genre: Fiction
Reason for Recommendation:  Existential but never dour, The Moviegoer’s off-beat view of the world captures a playful search for meaning against a background of ennui. At least for me, it succeeds in coining a philosophical vocabulary for everyday experience. 

Where to Borrow: Consortium Loan

 

Ruth Bueter, Himmelfarb’s Associate Director, recommends: 

Title: Weight: The Myth of Atlas and Heracles 

Author: Jeanette Winterson
Genre: Fiction
Reason for Recommendation:  “In this retelling of the myth of Atlas and Heracles, Winterson tackles questions of choice, destiny, and fate. It's a brilliant reimagination of these two classic tales with a heartwarming twist.”

Where to Borrow: Interlibrary Loan

 

History/Biography

Lastly, between semesters can be a great time to step back from your normal field of study and explore ideas: where society has been and how it’s been shaped. 

Jolinda Thompson, Systems Librarian, recommends:

Title: Gods of the Upper Air: How a Renegade Group of Anthropologists Reinvented Race, Sex and Gender in the 20th Century 

Author: Charles King

Genre: Non-fiction/Biography

Reason for Recommendation: “In the early 20th century, it was commonly believed that race and gender determined an individual’s intelligence, ability, and temperament. The pseudoscience that emerged to back these beliefs led to the quota-based restrictions of the 1924 Immigration Act and the abuse and horrors of the eugenics movement. Franz Boas would challenge these theories through fieldwork and research, founding the field of cultural anthropology, and inspiring a group of revolutionary anthropologists at Columbia University and Barnard College in the 1920s and 30s, including Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and Zora Neale-Hurston. Their work ushered in new understandings about gender, sexual expression, diverse cultures, and values systems. The personal stories of these groundbreaking researchers makes this an entertaining as well as enlightening read.”

Where to Borrow: Consortium Loan

With Humanities Highlights, Himmelfarb staff aims to spotlight useful books from our Humanities collection. This week, we’re showcasing “Patient: the True Story of a Rare Illness,” by DJ and musician Ben Watt. 
A copy of Patient sitting on a bookshelf.

With Humanities Highlights, Himmelfarb staff aims to spotlight useful books from our Humanities collection. This week, we’re showcasing “Patient: the True Story of a Rare Illness,” by DJ and alt-rock musician Ben Watt, one half of the duo Everything But The Girl.

About the Book: A memoir of Ben Watt's hospital days after being diagnosed with the rare auto-immune disease Churg-Strauss syndrome – just before his world tour. Told in sparse, poetic prose with candor and a lack of self-pity, this novella-length work expertly captures the gulf between the healthy and unwell.

Reasons to Read: If you like stories of novel medical situations, if you savor great observational details (of his experience and ICU neighbors: a gallery that wouldn't be out of place in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest) or understated tales of romantic devotion, or if you simply seek insight into the detachment, uncertainty, and unexpected clarity that can come from illness.

Bonus reason: if you're nostalgic for the 90s (and casual mentions of floppy disks).

Reasons to Avoid: If you hope for information about Ben's music – or how his illness inspired or impacted Everything But The Girl's breakthrough albums – you'll find almost no information about it. Similarly, if you want a medical-mystery à la House, be warned the mystery is backseated to the patient-experience, which could prove disappointing.

Further Listening/Reading: 

As soundtrack to the memoir, check out Everything But the Girl's most successful albums, which released in the years following his diagnosis:

Or read the memoirs of Watt's bandmate and partner, Tracey Thorn:

If you haven’t yet seen the art show – you haven’t missed your chance! Stop by now through this Friday, May 10th to peruse the display of more than 40 unique items, OR, check out the digital submissions already archived online [fully digitization of physical items still upcoming]. 

Each piece has a story. To cap off the art show, we’ve curated a second collection of the artist’s in their own words. Enjoy! 

Rachel Brill's "Dinah in Yellow Robe" [Acrylic Painting]

An acrylic painting of a cat in the model of a Matisse painting, whimsically wearing a yellow robe.

Dinah in Yellow Robe is my take on Henri Matisse's work, in particular Yellow Odalisque, which I saw at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. I love his use of bright colors and a mix of patterns. The unwilling model for this piece is my cat, Dinah.

Rachel Brill, Staff, Himmelfarb

Kenneth Schappelle's "Delhi at Dusk" [Photograph]

A fog covered horizon nearly suffocates a setting sun.

The day before Christmas, we were on our way to New Delhi, traveling down a rural highway from Rishikesh, which sits at the foot of the Himalayas. Rishikesh was a breath of fresh air with its blue skies and the sparkling Ganges River pouring out of the mountains. The closer we got to New Delhi, though, the thicker the smog became. As we approached the outskirts and the sun began to set, you could barely see it through the thick sky. It was disturbing and beautiful all at once.

Kenneth Schappelle, Staff, School of Nursing

Aparna Nanduru’s “Peacock in Repose” [Mixed Media]

A mixed media portrayal of a peacock proudly perched on a blossoming branch.

Adding dimension came from adding multiple types of media into my art. This included using lead pencils, colored pencils, watercolor pencils, acrylic paint, and even white-out in the piece going from top to bottom. As a nature lover, I wanted to demonstrate the ability of these seemingly different art mediums coalescing together to represent diversity and coexistence seen in the environment around us.

Aparna Nanduru, Student, SMHS

Caitlan Davila’s “How to Outrun a Dinosaur” [Digital Artwork]

An illustration of the biological systems operating in the nervous system during crisis.

This drawing exists because I was being cheeky while working through two opposing systems (bronchoconstriction vs. bronchodilation). Why the dinosaurs? That’s the wrong question, my friend. The question is:  why NOT dinosaurs?! Learning ought to be fun; working in subjects we like can make a real difference in retention. 

Caitlan Davila, Student, SMHS

Ruth Bueter’s “Wingspan” [Photograph]

A turkey vultures poses perched with full wing-span at Chiricahua National Monument.

After finishing my Bachelor's Degree in Environmental Science and Parks and Recreation, I had an internship at Chiricahua National Monument in southeastern Arizona. It was an amazing experience! A couple of years later, I visited Chiricahua while driving to California. I went hiking on my favorite trail in the park one morning. As I turned a corner along the trail, I saw this Turkey Vulture stretching its wings on a rock outcropping. I was convinced the bird would fly away when it saw me, but it just stayed there watching me with its wings spread out. I managed to dig out my old first-generation digital point-and-shoot camera (with minimal zoom capacity) from my backpack and got some pictures. The bird and I stood there watching each other for 10 minutes. Eventually, I packed up my camera and continued on my hike. The Turkey Vulture was still there when I left. It is still one of the most amazing experiences I've ever had while hiking. And for it to have happened at Chiricahua, a place that has held a special place in my heart since my internship, made it even more memorable.

Ruth Bueter, Staff, Himmelfarb

With Humanities Highlights, Himmelfarb staff aims to spotlight useful books from our Humanities collection. This week, we’re showcasing "Bellevue Literary Review"

Perhaps you’ve perused the humanities collection and noticed a small shelf with bound journals. A curiosity - especially since the library no longer retains physical journals. If you picked up one of these volumes, you’d be looking at the Bellevue Literary Review: a highly respected, prize winning literary journal (Duotrope, an online compendium of literary magazines, lists their acceptance rate at 1.51%). More importantly, you’d be looking at one of the premiere literary journals founded in the medical field, specifically in the Department of Medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center, making it rather unusual (most university-related journals are centered in literature or creative writing departments). 

During April’s poetry month, we discussed possible publication venues for the literary among us, including Bellevue. April might be over, but the art of writing is year long. Despite its potentially intimidating stature, as a health sciences student (who writes), you’re exactly situated to submit. 

On Bellevue’s submissions page, they define the kind of writing they’re looking for: 

Bellevue Literary Review seeks high-caliber, unpublished work, broadly and creatively related to our themes of health, healing, illness, the mind, and the body. We encourage you to read BLR before you submit.

(Bellevue Literary Review, 2024)

Note that last sentence. Almost every literary magazine will encourage you to read before submitting, but many higher-end magazines do not publish online (or only publish small excerpts). Himmelfarb’s copies of Bellevue provide a nice chance to peruse without having to subscribe, which helps clarify what the publisher actually wants. For example, Bellevue values “character-driven fiction with original voices and strong settings” (Bellevue Literary Review, 2024), but publishers can interpret something like “strong settings” many different ways. Reading, therefore, truly does increase your odds of acceptance. 

That being said, the journal isn’t just for writers. It also provides a nice reading break for the non-writers at Himmelfarb. 

In this digital world, we have endless options to eject us from our current moment or task, but many of these provide more stimulation than reset. Fiction lets us get out of our own heads for a bit, while expanding our imaginative and empathetic capacities, if we let it. And refreshingly, short stories are finish-able within a single sitting, unlike many of the books in the Humanities collection. 

So if you have a moment, check out Bellevue Literary Review or ask the folks at the circulation desk for help finding them!

References:

Bellevue Literary Review. (2024). Submissions. https://blreview.org/submit/.

Himmelfarb’s 36th annual art show is in full swing, bringing an exciting range of photography, acrylics, water colors, knitting, and mixed media to Himmelfarb’s first floor. If you haven’t already, come take a study break and peruse the work of your fellow students, staff, and faculty. 

In the meantime, enjoy this sampling of work and the artists in their own words. 

And if you’d like to drop a few lines about your art or creative process, email them to randy.plym@gwu.edu. Every piece has a story, and we love to hear them. 

Frederick Jacobsen's "Giverny Lilies" [Photograph]

Photograph of water lilies on a pond with a reflection of sky in the water.

As a photographer and clinical researcher into the effects of light on the brain and behavior I am very attuned to the continually shifting perspectives of light and color in my environment. Visiting Monet's Giverny pond and gardens provided me the opportunity to view and feel how this exquisite environment facilitated his remarkable Nymphéas paintings while suffering progressive visual loss (due to bilateral cataracts). "Giverny Lilies" is an homage to Monet’s work and vision through a 21st century lens.

Frederick M. Jacobsen, Faculty, SMHS

Brittany Smith's "VA Mountains" [Watercolor on Paper]

Watercolor painting of the Blue Ridge mountains.

I believe 'VA Mountains' is one of my earliest watercolor paintings. It is inspired by a photo I took many years ago during my time at UVA when some friends and I drove along Blue Ridge Parkway. That day was one of my favorite days when I was an undergraduate student and the painting serves as a reminder of that mini-road trip. 

In terms of process, I have a simple painting style since I'm trying to figure out watercolor as a medium. This was painting in a beginner's class and my instructor actually helped with the texture of the stone railing along the road. I haven't painted anything new in a few years, but I want to return to watercolor soon and fill a sketchbook with watercolor experiments to build my confidence as a painter.

Brittany Smith, Staff, Himmelfarb

Rebecca Kyser's "Quackery" [Ink and Colored Pencil on Paper]

Comic about medical quackery.
Part 2 of a comic about medical quackery.

I'm a big believer in the power of comics to make scientific and historical topics more accessible to the public. So when I heard about the art show, it seemed the best opportunity to put that belief into practice.

Rebecca Kyser, Staff, Himmelfarb

Mehrshad Fahim Devin's "Post-Op" [Photograph]

Photograph of a person wearing a medical gown running towards the ocean waves on a beach.

Post-op was inspired by the conversation's I've had with patients as a medical student. I've had the opportunity to speak with some patients both before and after a surgical operation. I found that pre-op patients held a lot of uncertainty and fear for the future; but after the surgery, amidst the pain and recovery, their eyes almost always glimmered with relief. The piece is meant to represent this relief. 

Mehrshad Fahim Devin, Student, SMHS

Basil Considine's "The Faerie Queene of New Prague: the Court" [Digital Photo Painting and Composite]

Image of Faerie Queen with two women playing wooden instruments on either side.

You probably haven't heard of New Prague, Minnesota (population: 8,000), but hundreds of schoolchildren in Madagascar can find it on a map. Why? The city – and its mischievous Faerie Queen, who wants everything done properly and turns pirates into frogs – were front and center in a series of storytelling performances that I delivered as a Fulbrighter. Each time I visited their school, the children begged to hear more stories about cold, snowy Minnesota (Brr!) and the beautiful Faerie Queen. And then, one day, a teacher asked me if there was a picture of her...

How can you compete with a child's imagination? That's a challenge for any artist, but I had a good set of raw materials: a photo shoot with the model for the Faerie Queen (Lisa Bark, an actor from New Prague, MN), a flair for theatrical makeup, and a lifetime of adoring complex Renaissance tableaus and Pre-Raphaelite paintings. Throw in a set of original fairy tales that I'd crafted for the children, a set of digital painting brushes in Photoshop, and I started to sketch a set of storybook scenes and fill them with extra details – to reward staring at the picture again and again.  

Some people say that digital painting is faster. You don't have to wait for paint to dry, but after more than 400 layers and more than 10,000 brush strokes...not for me!

Basil Considine, Student, SMHS

Photo by Nick Fewings on Unsplash

When was the last time you checked your phone? (That was easy.) 

Now, when was the last time you read a poem? 

Let’s explore some places online to find poems related to health, illness and recovery, and where to find them. We’ll also take a look at some outlets you might consider sending your poems out to, if you are a poet. National Poetry Month was launched by the Academy of American Poets in 1996 to celebrate the integral role of poets and poems in our lives.

With healthcare's proximity to pain, uncertainty, and death – all catalysts for art – it's no surprise that many patients and doctors alike have converted their experiences into poetry. If you're craving poetry about the healthcare experience, the modern options are abundant. The Poetry Foundation's Poems of Sickness, Illness, and Recovery (a contemporary and diverse list) illustrates this wonderfully. 

Consider Elaine Equi's "Earth, You Have Returned to Me," where the author compares her pharmaceutical experience to being on different planets with different gravities, and presumably with different flows of time – an analogy that cannot be captured with dosage information or measurement of vitals. 

Or Jane Kenyon’s “After an Illness, Walking the Dog,” which records the experience of recovery: both the awareness of life (“every pebble gleams, every leaf”) and our vast limitations.

Poetry websites aren’t the only place to find poems, however.  Did you know that poetry can be searched in PubMed as a MeSH heading? Entering the search "Poetry as Topic"[Mesh] will yield results that include poems found in journals, including JAMA, which publish poetry on a regular or occasional basis. This MeSH search will also yield poetry-adjacent studies, including intriguing investigations which are situated at the intersection of poetry and medicine.

If you are engaged in the practice of writing poems, you’re in good company. Renowned poets like William Carlos Williams – a physician and writer – have demonstrated simultaneous excellence in medicine and art. But you certainly don’t need to be William Carlos Williams to write poems. Here are some potential outlets for your work, in addition to the journals mentioned above, and additional sources of healthcare-inspired creative output:

You can find a longer list of health humanities journals here.

The next time you take a study break, grab a snack and then feed yourself with poetry. Your brain will thank you!

This post was co-authored by Randy Plym and Deborah Wassertzug.

References

Equi, Elaine. (2016). Earth, You Have Returned to Me. Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/91313/earth-you-have-returned-to-me

Kenyon, Jane. (1987). After an Illness, Walking the Dog. Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/browse?contentId=36904.

With Humanities Highlights, Himmelfarb staff aims to spotlight useful books from our Humanities collection. This week, we’re showcasing “Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Science Creates Worthless Cures, Crushes Hope, and Wastes Billions,” by NPR science-journalist Richard Harris. 

About the Book

Applying his decades of journalistic experience to the “reproducibility crisis” - a term coined to describe the difficulty in replicating large amounts of published science - Richard Harris interviews many key figures attempting to improve the standards of science. Chapter by chapter, he analyzes factors of the crisis such as human error (reporting only what works, not doing double blind experiments, refusal to comply with fact checkers), sample sizes determined by budget, experiments that use only one cell line, test animal problems, a culture that incentives publication speed over accuracy, debunked facts circulating like ghost ships, and more. 

Part compendium of errors, part call to action, “Rigor Mortis” is an eye-opening account of the last couple decades of scientific rigor. 

Reasons to Read: 

If you’re looking for a balanced, outsider’s take on the subject, Harris does an excellent job presenting arguments and counter-arguments. For example, he discusses both Brian Nosek’s Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, which attempted to replicate 50 published attention-gathering papers, and the criticism of the project from Robert Weinberg, one of the lead scientists of the chosen studies (Harris, 2017, pg. 159). 

Despite the aggressive (and somewhat hyperbolic) title, Harris writes with a sense of concern that never feels disparaging. If you’re looking for a broader look at the issue, the extensive interview range presents a fuller picture than many of the articles out there. 

Reasons to Avoid

If you’re already familiar with the issue, “Rigor Mortis” could prove depressing. 

Although science self-corrects, and although Harris presents improvements across the board (and emphasizes how many of them would be cost effective), the road ahead seems long, and the weight of culture change seems daunting. 

Further Reading: 

References: 
Harris, Richard. (2017). Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Science Creates Worthless Cures, Crushes Hope, and Wastes Billions. Basic Books.

Last month, European researchers launched a program to identify errors within scientific literature. With an initial fund of 250,000 Swiss francs - roughly 285,000 USD - team leaders Malte Elson and Ruben C. Arslan are seeking experts to investigate and discover errors in scientific literature, beginning with psychological papers. 

Here’s them in their own words: 

ERROR is a comprehensive program to systematically detect and report errors in scientific publications, modeled after bug bounty programs in the technology industry. Investigators are paid for discovering errors in the scientific literature: The more severe the error, the larger the payout. In ERROR, we leverage, survey, document, and increase accessibility to error detection tools. Our goal is to foster a culture that is open to the possibility of error in science to embrace a new discourse norm of constructive criticism.

(Elson, 2024)

Their program follows a growing awareness of what researchers in the early 2010s called “the replication crisis:” the inability to reproduce large amounts of scientific findings. For example, the former head of cancer research at the biotechnology company Amgen, C. Glenn Begley, investigated 53 of his company’s most promising publications (pieces that would lead to groundbreaking discoveries). Of those 53, his team could only reproduce 6 (Hawkes, 2012). While 53 is not a large sample size, Nature surveyed 1,576 researchers and more than 70% reported trying and failing to reproduce published experiments (Baker, 2016).

ERROR founders Malte Elson and Ruben C. Arslan point to a poor incentive structure: “error detection as a scientific activity is relatively unappealing as there is little to gain and much to lose for both the researchers whose work is being scrutinized (making cooperation unlikely)” (Elson, 2024). 

Nature concurs. Journals, they report, are less likely to publish verification of older work or work simply reporting negative findings (Baker, 2016). Reproduction gets deferred, because reproduction requires more time and money (Ibid). 

Not to mention that even in science, biases can crop up - the siren call of new discoveries can lead people to publishing versus confirming results. In a noteworthy example, Begley - the aforementioned Amgen researcher - approached a scientist and explained that he tried - and failed - 50 times to reproduce the results of his experiments. The scientist answered that “they had done it six times and got this result once but put it in the paper because it made the best story” (Hawkes, 2012, emphasis added). 

Bearing these issues in mind, the ERROR program hopes to incentivize error-detection and change the publication culture: opening the perception of negative results as useful data (Elson, 2024). To foster a positive environment, authors must agree to be reviewed, and hopefully, these authors can even benefit from the verification (Lee, 2024). 

Since at least 2005, researchers have called for attempts to address the replication crisis (Pashler, 2012; Loaandis, 2005). While time will decide whether the ERROR program makes a difference, it provides an interesting answer to that call. 

REFERENCES

Baker, M. (2016). 1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility. Nature 533, 452–454. https://www.nature.com/articles/533452a.

Elson, M. (2024). ERROR: A Bug Bounty Program for Science. https://error.reviews/

Hawkes, N. (2012). Most laboratory cancer studies cannot be replicated, study shows. BMJ 344. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2555 (Published 04 April 2012)

Lee, S. (2024). Wanted: Scientific Errors. Cash Reward. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/wanted-scientific-errors-cash-reward

Loannidis, J. (2005). Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. Plos Medicine 19(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004085

Pashler, H., Harris, C. (2012). Is the Replicability Crisis Overblown? Three Arguments Examined. Perspectives on Psychological Science, Volume 7 (6). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1745691612463401

Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash