Oct 30/31 & early November cases

The next block of arguments include cases on asset forfeiture, First Amendment requirements for social media accounts of government officials, the ability to trademark “Trump Too Small,” and whether the Second Amendment allows the government to prohibit possession of firearms by persons subject to domestic-violence restraining orders.

Monday, October 30

Today is an asset forfeiture case and specifically a question of procedural due process. In Culley v. Marshall, Culley’s son was driving her car when police caught him with drugs and drug paraphernalia and seized the car. Twenty months later, the court ordered the car returned to Cully pursuant to Alabama’s “innocent-owner defense.” (Facts summarized on Oyez.) She later sued, alleging that the delay constituted a due process violation. Both lower courts ruled against her and the Court has accepted review on “What test must a district court apply when determining whether and when a post-deprivation hearing is required under the Due Process Clause?” Asset forfeiture is a subject of intense public attention from time to time, but with many outstanding issues. The list of amici supporting Culley (light green on this link) make for some unusual bedfellows!

Just one case today.

Tuesday, October 31

Halloween has a pair of cases on First Amendment issues involving social media accounts and whether public officials can block constituents from posting comments. Lindke v. Freed involves a city manager who was sued for blocking someone who had left comments on his personal Facebook account (relating to his handling of COVID issues). He won at the 6th Circuit, which held that the First Amendment did not apply where the Facebook page was not part of Lindke’s official duties. O’Connor-Ratcliff v. Garnier involves two school board members who created Facebook and Twitter accounts for their campaigns and later updated them with their elected titles and used the pages to communicate about school district business. This time, the 9th Circuit found that these pages were subject to the First Amendment and the board members had violated the rights of residents they blocked. Amy Howe has a useful overview of the legal issues. Also, it’s notable that Netchoice has filed an amicus brief; this is the organization challenging Texas and Florida laws regulating social media companies (on which the Court recently granted cert. – more later!)

Expect argument in these cases to run long; I’m guessing at least 3 hours, maybe 4. The cases have not been consolidated for oral argument (the only two-argument day this block), plus the Solicitor General is participating in both cases. After the time is up for each arguing counsel, the Justices now each get an additional round of questioning (in order of seniority), which makes for a significant amount of time after the “argument clock” has expired. And today, that will be times 6 arguing counsel (petitioner, respondent, and Solicitor General, times two cases).

Wednesday, November 1

Does the First Amendment require the government to register a trademark of “Trump Too Small”? The law prohibits the Patent and Trademark Office from registering a mark containing a living person’s name without that person’s consent. 15 U.S.C. § 1052(c). But the Federal Circuit held that the First Amendment did not allow enforcement of that bar under these specific circumstances. There may be a substantial governmental interest in protecting private parties from having others trademark their names in most circumstances, but not when it is a criticism of a public official: “As a result of the President’s status as a public official, and because Elster’s mark communicates his disagreement with and criticism of the then-President’s approach to governance, the government has no interest in disadvantaging Elster’s speech.” Interestingly, Public Citizen filed an amicus brief opposing registration, explaining that “registration would allow him to seek to prevent other members of the public from promoting their shared political antagonism using the same or similar words on shirts offered for sale.”

This is the only case set for argument today.

Monday, November 6

Today is an unusual issue of sovereign immunity under the Fair Credit Reporting Act. In Department of Agriculture Rural Development Rural Housing Service v. Kirtz, Kirtz sued the USDA for damaging his credit when it reported his account past-due even though it was paid off. In most cases, the federal government is immune from suit unless Congress has “unequivocally and unambiguously” waived immunity. The Fair Credit Reporting Act governs “persons” that it defines to include any “government or governmental subdivision or agency.” 15 U.S.C. § 1681a. The Third Circuit held that this was enough; “FCRA’s plain text clearly and unambiguously authorizes suits for civil damages against the federal government.” In so holding, the court acknowledged that “the [other] Courts of Appeals to have considered this issue are split down the middle.”

Tuesday, November 7

An extremely important Second Amendment case today: “Whether 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), which prohibits the possession of firearms by persons subject to domestic-violence restraining orders, violates the Second Amendment on its face.” The Fifth Circuit noted that “Rahimi was involved in five shootings in and around Arlington” in just two months, but nevertheless held that the law cannot survive the new standard announced in Bruen last year, that the law must be “consistent with the Nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulation.” This is obviously a very contentious issue and much has been written so I won’t add more except to recommend Amy Howe’s explainer and call attention to the perspective of March For Our Lives in its amicus brief.

I would expect long and early lines for this argument. See my lines info post.

Wednesday, November 8

The final case in this block of arguments, as Oyez explains, “involves the interpretation of education benefits under two different programs for veterans.” It is quite technical and fact-specific, so see their explainer for more.

The next block of arguments starts November 27.

Feb 29 – March 2 cases

One of the most anticipated arguments of the term–involving abortion rights–is scheduled for Wednesday.   The Court also takes up gun control for persons convicted of domestic violence and the death penalty on Monday.

Monday, February 29

The first case will be viewed as a gun control issue in the context of domestic violence, but involves questions of Congressional intent where a federal law is triggered by a state law conviction.  Federal law prohibits firearm possession by someone who has been previously convicted of a crime of domestic violence.  Such a criminal act generally evokes intentional conduct, but 34 states have reckless assault laws.  The question is whether Congress intended for the federal prohibition to extend to convictions for laws that required only reckless conduct. Full write-up of all the issues in Voisine v. US is here.

The second argument is in a death penalty case.  The official question presented in Williams v. Pennsylvania describes the case well:  Whether the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments are violated where a state supreme court justice declines to recuse himself in a capital case in which he had personally approved the decision to pursue capital punishment against the defendant in his prior capacity as an elected prosecutor and continued to head the prosecutors’ office that defended the death verdict on appeal, and where he had publicly expressed strong support for capital punishment during his judicial election campaign by referencing the number of defendants he had “sent” to death row, including the defendant in the case now before the court; and (2) whether the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments are violated by the participation of a potentially biased jurist on a multimember tribunal deciding a capital case, regardless of whether his vote is ultimately decisive.

Tuesday, March 1

The cases today are important but fairly limited in scope.  Nichols v. US asks whether federal law requires a sex offender to update his registration in the state where he was convicted when he resides outside the US.  Husky International Electronics v. Ritz involves the “actual fraud” bar to discharging debts in bankruptcy.

Wednesday, March 2 – abortion

It has been eight years since the Supreme Court has directly taken on questions relating to laws that restrict access to abortion.  States may regulate abortion providers, just as they may regulate other medical practices, but laws that place an “undue burden” on a woman’s ability to access abortion are unconstitutional.  Regulations that improve safely and health typically survive the “undue burden” test, but in this case, providers argue that the restrictions Texas put into place do not actually enhance health and safety, despite the state’s claimed purposes.  The Court has accepted cert on the question of whether the Fifth Circuit erred by “refusing to consider whether and to what extent laws that restrict abortion for the stated purpose of promoting health actually serve the government’s interest in promoting health.”  Linda Greenhouse has co-authored a useful overview of this case and the history of the Court’s approaches to abortion rights and restrictions.

This case will draw a huge crowd.  It will be worth going to the Court just to see (or be part of) the crowds, demonstrations, and press conferences.  Demonstrations will start around 8:00am, may calm down a bit during the 10:00 argument and as people come and go, and then there will be more renewed demonstrations and press conferences when the arguing counsel exit the Court, probably around 11:30. If you want to get into the courtroom, you’ll need to get there very early; I wouldn’t be surprised if enough people camp out overnight to fill the court.  More than 80 amicus briefs have been filed, and the Solicitor General has been granted permission to participate in oral argument (in addition to counsel for the clinic and for Texas, the parties to this case).  I don’t see an order extending time for the argument, but no other case is scheduled for this day and I would expect the argument to run a little past the usual hour.