Introduction

Traffic is a ubiquitous and often frustrating aspect of urban living that significantly influences the daily lives of people. The increasing number of vehicles on the roads not only contributes to environmental concerns but also has a profound impact on the efficiency and well-being of individuals. One of the most conspicuous consequences of traffic congestion is the substantial amount of time wasted by commuters stuck in gridlock.

To address these challenges, a proposed solution involves implementing a sophisticated traffic management system that leverages computer vision’s object detection capabilities. By employing advanced algorithms, the computer vision system can analyze real-time traffic conditions and provide insights into the density and flow of vehicles.

The core functionality of the proposed traffic management system is to prioritize traffic signals based on the counts obtained from the object detection system. By dynamically adjusting signal timings in response to the real-time vehicle count, the system seeks to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion. This intelligent approach not only enhances the overall efficiency of the transportation network but also minimizes the time commuters spend in traffic.

Methodology

To implement the system for the given use case, an object detection system is designed using the YOLOv8 model. YOLOv8 represents the latest iteration in the YOLO series of real-time object detectors, providing cutting-edge performance in terms of accuracy and speed. A Python function is defined to take a collection of images or a video as input for the model to detect subjects in each image. The model has been pre-trained using the COCO dataset and returns a tensor object containing classification labels for each subject identified in the image. A counter is assigned to tally the frequency of occurrence of the desired variable; in this case, it is the label for vehicles. Subsequently, the count and the image name are stored in a data frame, and graphs are plotted to visualize the count of vehicles for the given input images or video.

The images below illustrate sample inputs for the model.

Results

Providing a set of 25 images capturing traffic scenes at the same location in London at different times yields the following output.

Providing a time-lapse video of traffic samples throughout a day in Japan results in the following output.

The irregularities in the graph are a result of the abundance of frames (images) extracted from the provided input video.

Inferences

From the graph, it is observed regions at which the vehicle count is higher than usual and this helps in regulating traffic by continuously monitoring traffic conditions, identifying congestion patterns, and adjusting signal timings accordingly. This proactive approach aims to create a smoother and more efficient traffic flow, ultimately mitigating the adverse impact of congestion on people’s lives. The Image shown below are outputs of the model with bounding boxes and labels.

Other Use cases

The system can also find applications in other domains, such as people identification or crowd management. A sample analysis was conducted on images depicting crowds to test and compare the model’s performance with the previous use case. The Images shown below is a sample input and output of this use case.

Based on the images and graphs above, it is noticeable that there are some null entries. This could be attributed to the model’s inability to detect people in those images or the absence of people in those particular instances. The YOLOv8 model encounters challenges in distinguishing subjects from the background in uncommon scenarios, and it may also fail to detect subjects in the presence of motion blur in the captured images. Consequently, it becomes apparent that while the YOLOv8 model performs effectively in the majority of cases, there is still a need for optimization in the mentioned areas.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the implementation of a traffic management system powered by computer vision’s object detection capabilities represents a promising solution to alleviate the challenges posed by traffic congestion. By intelligently prioritizing traffic signals based on real-time vehicle counts, this system aims to enhance overall urban mobility, reduce wasted time, and contribute to a more sustainable environment.

Refer code Implementation : https://github.com/Kishan1082/Object_Detection_using_YOLOV8