Skip to content

By Kellie Bancalari

My time in Rwanda is quickly coming to an end, but not without wrapping up my research on the coexistence of free speech and state stability in post-genocide Rwanda.

This Friday marked the final day of my internship with Rwanda's leading english daily, The New Times. For the past month, I have interned with the news team and covered a myriad of topics and events including, the Africa Day of Information, the training of top officials on nuclear security, and even a UN FAO treaty signing on genetically modified plants. One of the coolest assignments I had while on the job was shooting a short-documentary on two brothers who fought off their killers during the genocide.

Through the internship, I was able to fully understand the current state of the media in Rwanda and how journalists here conduct their work. This internship served as an integral part of my research as I was able to observe how the post-genocide environment journalists operate in is affecting their work.

One of the findings during this observation period was how the media has been an integral part of the healing and reconciliation process of Rwanda. The stories that are published in nearly all of the Rwandan newspapers are focused on topics of reconciliation between people and the overall development of the country. These stories, my colleagues at The New Times have told me, help fight genocide ideology and bring the people of Rwanda together as one people (instead of divisions in the ethnic groups like in the past).

...continue reading "Free Speech vs State Stability: A Rwandan Case Study"

By Kellie Bancalari

Tomorrow marks the official start of my research period. As I explained in previous posts, I will be researching the limits of free speech in a post genocidal society -- basically trying to answer the question of whether or not free speech and state stability can co-exist in Rwanda.

Since returning from my travels in Uganda, I've been working very diligently on completing my research proposal for the Local Review Board to have my research approved. This meant drafting my methodology, literature review, background to the study, and ethical considerations. Thankfully, my research was approved a few days ago with flying colors.

In the next four weeks, I will be interviewing journalists, government officials, and local people to find out what the state of media is really like from the local perspective. In my time here, I have found that what organizations like Human Rights Watch, Reporters Without Borders and Amnesty International write about the state of free speech in Rwanda is not a complete truth.

Speech I have found, in nearly every society, is not completely free. And honestly, I don't think it can be. You can't yell fire in a movie theater because you can kill people, just like in Rwanda you can't spread genocide ideology because, as we have seen, you can kill millions.

...continue reading "Can speech really be free in Rwanda?"

This past month found me in two very interesting and personally formative places: a TIG camp on the outskirts of Kigali and Gulu Town in Northern Uganda.

After the Rwandan Genocide ended 100 days after it began in 1994, Rwanda needed to find a way to establish a transitional justice system. The Gacaca Courts, established in 2002, was the government's answer to trying over 2 million people for crimes committed during Genocide. For those who confessed to their crimes, they were given the opportunity to serve out part of their sentence doing community service outside of the prison in what are called TIG camps.

I had the opportunity to visit one of the five TIG camps that was located just outside the city limits of Kigali. At this camp, I spoke with TIG members who had committed acts of Genocide. To be honest with you, what I found at this camp was not at all what I had expected.


...continue reading "Rwandan reconciliation and the real "Kony 2012""

By Kellie Bancalari

"Muzungu!" The local Rwandan kids giggle as my friends and I walk passed and smile. Muzungu or white person in the local language is a common word I hear when walking the streets of Kigali.

It's been a full five weeks since I've touched down here in the capitol city of Rwanda and to be honest with you, I feel more like a local than a Muzungu by now.

Kigali is a city full of life. Motor bikes speed by in and out of traffic, kids play soccer on the street, friendly locals dance the nights away. Its so similar, yet so different to any city in the USA.

When I was a freshman in high school, I dreamed of the day I’d travel to Africa. It's funny how dreams have a way of becoming reality. Little did I know back then though, Rwanda is nothing like people think it is. Its not a jungle, with poverty enveloping every citizen, there are no vicious animals roaming the streets, and tribal clothing is definitely not the style.

Kigali, from what I’ve seen so far, is the cleanest city I’ve ever been to. Every citizen here is so proud of what they have built. The first thing they ask you when you meet them is “What do you think of our city?” They boast about their economic progress and how they are much more peaceful than surrounding nations. They truly have come so far from the  1994 Genocide.

...continue reading "Welcome to Rwanda, muzungu"

There is so much a blog can never tell you. Even if I were to sit with you in Panera Bread and tell you the entire thing, taking four hours and losing my voice and being kicked out by the staff at 9pm for closing (as one of my friends made me do), I could never fully make you understand. Maybe this is true for any experience. This is something one has to understand, and especially after an abroad experience. Especially after an abroad experience in Rwanda.

I wish you could have felt both the fear and exhilaration of taking a moto, racing past the stars and hills in Kigali. I wish I could I introduce you to the friends I made, to my host family, to Miguel and Ganza, who would hide behind their mother’s legs due to shyness. I wish it were mandatory for all people to go to the genocide memorials and not just see the past, but feel it, feel it in their gut and let it break them. I wish I could say things like, “ntakibazo” and “amatunda” without people asking me to explain, (ntakibazo is ‘no problem’ and amatunda is ‘passion fruit’ in Kinyarwanda). I wish people wouldn’t look at me with so much sympathy when I tell them our house rarely had running water or that I lived on a dirt road.

Being home is hard. It’s hard because some people want (like my friend in Panera) to know every single detail, and other people just want me to get on with my life. One of the hardest questions is, “How was Africa?!?” Well-meaning, but overwhelming and infuriating all at once. I can’t speak for a continent, nor can I speak for an entire country. I can only tell you about my personal experience in Rwanda. It began with living with my host family and going to school and ended with interning at an NGO and living in a house with eight of my classmates. It was a semester of standing out as “muzungu” everywhere I went, a semester of taking two small van-buses home from school, making a ten-minute drive a two-hour commute. It was a semester of living in a society built upon a tragic and horrific past and watching that society reconcile itself. It was a semester of learning something so much more than me or anything I could ever imagine.

Now that it’s over, I don’t know how to maintain the changes in me without being angry with American society, which isn’t fair to anyone. I can’t be angry with people for not sharing my experience and for not understanding it and in some cases, not wanting to. Upon my return, I’ve had to learn that this experience can live within me, and I can be changed, but I can still be the person I was before. What I want for the future has never been clearer, and there is not a doubt in my mind I will return to Kigali. That’s the thing about study abroad; yes you learn more than you could ever fathom, but you also build another life, another home elsewhere. That home can exist within you forever and can always be revisited.

By kcampbell94

During the month of November, most of us moved out from our host families’ homes and moved into our own house to do our ISP (independent study project). Eight of us moved into a house in Kimironko, very close to a well-known restaurant called, New Hello’s Corner. Four of our other classmates lived down the street, and the remaining three chose to remain living in their homestays. The ISP time is usually used to do research. Usually, one chooses a research questions and then interviews many people who are familiar with that area. Some of the things my classmates researched are as follows:

  • PTSD treatment in Rwanda (or lack thereof)
  • Gender based violence in post-genocide society
  • Art therapy as a coping mechanism for genocide survivors
  • Ethnic identity

Since my arrival, I had known that I wanted to get involved in an NGO here. Originally, I had planned on doing a case study, comparing a few different NGOs in Rwanda. My academic advisor, however, told me that it would be a better idea to pick just one. Somehow, this quickly spiraled into me finding Never Again Rwanda, or NAR. Its focus is exactly that which its name tells you: to reconcile Rwanda and prevent genocide from ever reoccurring. Their goals are sustainable peace and an empowered youth. I ended up securing an internship with NAR for three weeks, eight am to five pm every day. Immersing myself in the work place here was an entirely new experience. It was difficult at times with cultural differences, but I ended up getting very close with my coworkers, which of course, was making my quickly dwindling time here harder and harder to accept. With NAR, I went on many excursions such as high school debates about unemployment, debates about early pregnancy, and a mobile exhibition. In the end, I wrote my ISP as more of an internship report, discussing the incredible success of this organization.

With my leaving on December 7th, I have less than a week left of this experience. It’s unfathomable. It has undoubtedly been the smartest decision of my life. To wrap up this post, I’d like to list some of the highlights, or peaks, if you will.

  • Our Thanksgiving (comprised of going to Kieran’s home stay family’s house to feast and then watch The Lion King 1 and a Half and later having a dinner together completed with Pringles, Nutella, and pasta)
  • My revisiting of my home stay family one Sunday afternoon, where I met my extended “family” and resumed card playing with my host brothers
  • Going to different art exhibits with two of my NAR coworkers to see how we should set up our mobile exhibition
  • A trip back to Butare with Kat to attend the mobile exhibition, full of adventures, split Chinese food, and Rwandan ice cream
  • Halloween, when we had dinner at my homestay and then had a Halloween party at our new house with our Rwandan friends

With these memories, the friends, and the immense knowledge I have gained, I find myself on the daily asking, “How can I leave? How can I possibly leave?”

By kcampbell94

Every day here is a challenge,” said Lauren, my friend in my program. We were discussing how we had all been catapulted out of our comfort zones, and what she said couldn’t be more true, because here in Kigali, I really don’t think my comfort zone exists. Every minute is a new obstacle: how will I cross this road without getting hit due to nonexistent traffic laws? How will I find my way home on this riddle of a bus system? When will I stop being called Muzungu (never)? How will I tell my host family without eternally offending them that I don’t want a fourth bowl of oatmeal? Those are the minute-by-minute uncomfortable situations, but there comes a steep drop off in finding the balance between light-hearted issues to an issue that will change who I am to my very core forever: The Genocide.

There’s subtle evidence of it everywhere, but it can be easy to forget that the entire scaffolding of Rwandan society is built upon the ashes of this tragedy. It is easy to forget it when I am building card castles with my host brothers. It is easy to forget when I am seeking a chocolate bar in stores nearby the SIT office with my classmates. But today, there was no forgetting. Today, we went to the Rwandan Memorial, a museum in Kigali, and two churches on the countryside that were also memorials. In the attempt to describe what I felt and what I saw, words are trite, but I will continue the attempt. The museum was somewhat similar to the Holocaust Museum in DC, but there is something about being in the very place the museum remembers. It was chilling to say the least. We listened to videos about survivors who described their families’ deaths, rapes, beatings. We watched videos of people crying, silent videos of victims with scares marring their head, hand, anywhere. We read blurbs about the international community’s inaction. The silence and crackling of a video reels changing laid upon us thickly, and remained for the rest of the day, especially in a room that was decorated wall-to-wall with pictures of missing people. What came to mind, (among many things) was an earlier conversation with Bebe. She had told me she loves horror movies and I had laughed and told her I didn’t watch them because then I would be up ALLLL night, fearing whatever villain in the movie was in my bedroom. I had been thinking, however, that Rwanda had been a horror movie. One of the scariest the world has ever seen, and suddenly the idea of watching something imitating any kind of horror felt unnatural. Wrong. I had remembered when I had taken a dean’s seminar on Holocaust and Genocide Studies, after watching so many films of people barely alive in Auschwitz, the image of the skull seemed gruesome, crude. It suddenly had taken me aback to see it on clothing. Well, last night, Ganza was wearing a pirate hat with a skull and crossbones on it. The skull design was half peeled off the hat and when I asked him about it, he told me his mother didn’t like it and tried to remove it. Though my family hasn’t said anything about the genocide, there it was: subtle evidence. And I understood.

Here, I will get into more detail and as a warning, it is extremely disturbing. In the museum, I was becoming sick to my stomach, feeling nauseous and knew it had nothing to do with adjusting to the food here. We then got lunch and took the bus to the country-side. During some time, that heavy silence, the disturbed reflecting eased a bit, and on the bus we were talking and laughing, telling crazy stories as we do. We were driving through rural Rwanda, what I had originally pictured for my time abroad. After about an hour, we reached the memorial site. It was a church where Tutsis had sought refuge during the genocide. Our tour guide showed us how the interwhame (one of the main militia groups who were exterminating the Tutsis) used grenades and bullets to break in. The interwhame were intent upon not only killing Tutsis, but also humiliating them and torturing them in the worst ways fathomable. When I stepped inside the church, I saw benches and upon them, piles and piles of old, withering clothes that had belonged to the victims. People had been hacked to death, shot, beaten by clubs, and some bashed against the walls. The blood stains were still there. The guide then took us to a mass grave. He led us downstairs and as soon as I was half way down the stairs, my every instinct urged me to go back up. I found myself in a tight basement, either side with shelves containing rows upon rows of skulls and heaps of bones. There was no barrier. There was no glass. I couldn’t remove myself. I was inches away from hundreds of human bones. Bones that were once covered in muscle and skin, belonging to a person, a human being, who had every bit of life in them that I did in that moment. Taken away. Snatched by atrocities too heinous to imagine. It felt wrong and unnatural and like I was intruding on the most personal, the most intimate of situations. Why was I in Rwanda? I had nothing to give. Only knowledge, only tragedy and stories of survival to take. Why was I impeding on this story of restoration after the rest of the world turned away when the machetes were hacking? These were the things that were going through my mind. We walked away heavy. Everything else shrunk away. Miniscule matters. Microscopic worries so insignificant.

We were taken to another church, and from how I described the first, I think you can imagine what we saw there as well. After, we went back to the office to reflect, which was much needed. Trying to wrap our heads around this is like trying to button pants much too small. Every time I feel like I am coming to an answer, some thread of rationality, something in the logic rips, tears at the seams. However, as quickly as possible, gears shift. Suddenly, I am trying to find my way home from school and due to a fire (which actually burned half the store my host parents own), my bus stop is closed, and I was lost in town with Kelsey, panicked and emotionally exhausted. And it began again, another challenge. Constant challenges, never ending, so disproportionate their varying weights.

By kcampbell94

A Few (out of many) Things I’ve Learned During My First Week In Rwanda:

 

  1. How to chew sugar cane while simultaneously watching Nickelodeon in French
  2. Monkey in the middle is so important. As is an old deck of cards
  3. How to use a toothpick after every meal
  4. French fries are also called “chips”
  5. Fancy airlines give out very comfortable complimentary socks

And lastly, something I thought I had known all too well,

  1. Life is a very funny thing

 

Among the very many funny things, I’d say the funniest turn of events since I’ve gotten here is this: My homestay is in a beautiful mansion. There I had been, since I first applied to SIT Rwanda, taking note on the art of bucket showering, laughing at my mom in BJ’s when she asked if I’d need laundry detergent, thinking, “Oh mom, don’t you know I’ll be washing my clothing in a river?” I guess it goes to show how ignorant I had been while I was scoffing at everyone else’s ignorance.

When I had arrived last Monday after a very luxurious plane ride with Qatar airlines and after I had experienced the flesh-melting heat of Doha, Qatar if only for five minutes, Kelsey and I were taken to the hostel our group was staying at where we took a very disorienting nap. After, we met the other people on our program and for the week we had orientation. This meant a lot of lectures and learning about what not to do here (eat in the street) and what to do (first hug then shake hands when meeting someone new). We met our enigmatic language teacher, Master P, who has the type of smile that immediately makes you smile even if you didn't want to. Always bursting into a fit of laughter with an almost musical laugh, Master P has no problem with engaging us in learning Kinyarwanda. We also met a doctor who explained to us kindly that “Africa is not a zoo” when he told us a story about someone who asked him if he rode lions in the street.

We took walks around the outskirts of Kigali, observing the rush of people as they called out, “Muzungu!” or white person as we passed. The streets look and feel like a rusty clay and you can see the hills upon hills of houses and buildings and plantations on the horizon. When I tried to run up on of the steep hills near the SIT office one morning, it felt as though my lung was made of lead, and I realized the altitude was something I would need to get used to. During this past week, I also grew very close very quickly to the other students in my group. It was stunning how similar, especially in values, they are to me. It was on Friday that we were to be picked up by our homestay families to spend the weekend with them. We spent hours discussing how we should respect the Rwandan culture and what we should expect. Come 2pm, when we were expecting the families, we all sat outside our hostel, feeling like puppies about to be adopted from the pound. Finally, a young girl came and was looking right at me, and said, “I think it’s you.”

Her name is Clemance, but she goes by Bebe. She is 20 years old as well, and she lives with her sister (my host mother) and her three children. The three children are named Miquel, Ganza, and Mikah. Miquel is 9, Ganza 7, and Mikah 1. When I first got here, I was stunned by how nice the house is, which is nicer than most homes I’ve been to in America. I have my own room and bathroom. No bucket showering whatsoever. The family’s meals are prepared by people working in the kitchen and there is a cleaning crew constantly wiping up this and that after everyone. Today, I went into town with Bebe to get school supplies for her nephew, which was really fun and made me realize how similar people are no matter where they are from. At first I had a hard time getting to connect with the boys because they were very invested in watching movies and TV, but today, I taught them monkey in the middle and crazy eights, and we bonded big time. My host mother referred to me as Ganza’s older sister before dinner, which really made me feel welcomed. I realized during dinner how normal it all felt. I felt very at home and at ease. No, I am not bucket showering and I am not playing hide and seek with my host siblings out back with the chickens. None of this is what I expected, but that makes this experience all the more valuable. Life is a very funny thing, through which I know I have to keep laughing and learning.

By kcampbell94

“The Africa Trip”

 

Typhoid pills, malaria pills, anti-diarrheal pills, Novalog, Lantus, needles, and test strips. Flipping through my seven prescriptions, the pharmacist said, “Do you think you could postpone your trip? You know, with everything that’s going on in the world right now?” That was the last thing my mother needed to hear. The “trip” is in reference to my studying abroad this semester through SIT’s Rwanda: Post Genocide and Peace Building. Ever since my mom had called me in March and said, “I googled Africa, and it’s dangerous, honey. I think you need to pick somewhere else,” my mom had deemed my upcoming semester, “The Africa Trip”, which makes me think of a fifth grade field trip to the art museum. From getting accepted into the program alongside my friend, Kelsey (with whom I also went to high school) to submitting endless paperwork and battling with many a fax machine to handling the range of reactions I’ve gotten when asked, “Where are you studying abroad?”, I can’t believe the journey it’s been and I haven’t even gone anywhere. Many of those reactions were similar to the pharmacist’s. My uncle had shaken his head and told me there was no reason for me to go to a place like that. Friends have laughed and said, “Classic Kara”. The cashier at Party City, who had somehow gotten into a conversation with my sister about where I was going, told her to do everything possible to dissuade me. Everyone seems to have an opinion: relatives, parents, friends, cashiers, relators, the hairdresser. What many people don’t understand is that Rwanda is a country that is so much more than what happened twenty years ago, and Africa is so much more than a generalized continent, a horror story on the news, which is precisely why I am studying there. I know I will learn more in this semester than I could ever expect. I know that this may be one of the hardest things I’ve ever done, especially as a fairly recently diagnosed Type 1 Diabetic (i.e. Novalog, Lantus, needles, and test strips). I also know I will miss eating Chipotle more than I may miss some people. Most importantly, I know I have never been more excited for anything in my entire life. With my departure about two weeks away, I have been thinking a lot of my expectations, fears, anxieties, for which I have compiled 5 lists, each with 5 things.

 

5 Of The Most Common Reactions I Have Gotten When I Tell People Where I Am Studying:

1. “Don’t get Ebola."
2. “Where is Rwanda?”
3. “Have you seen Hotel Rwanda?”
4. “Why?”
5. “My best friend’s cousin’s ex-daughter-in-law has a neighbor who has been there.”

5 Things From The U.S. I Anticipate I Will Miss:

1. Chipotle
2. One of my dogs
3. Friends and Family (of course)
4. Thanksgiving
5. Nutella

5 Things From The U.S. I Anticipate I Will NOT Miss:

1. Being on my phone
2. The other dog
3. The first cold days of November
4. Taking Chemistry
5. The revolving Gelman Library doors that always give me anxiety

5 Things I Am Most Anxious About:

1. Diabetes problems
2. Mastering the art of bucket showering
3. Coming off as an ignorant American (even worse, an ignorant New Jersey-ian)
4. My directional skills (or lack thereof)
5. The long plane ride

5 Things I Am Most Excited For:

1. Living with my homestay family
2. The research component of my program
3. Being immersed in the culture
4. Being present
5. Meeting both people in Rwanda and the people in my program

By rohitaj

Hello all, this is Rohita speaking from Kigali, Rwanda. I’m currently here with SIT’s Post-Genocide Restoration and Peace-building program. This last month has been incredibly challenging. We’ve visited jarring genocide memorials, a women association of genocide survivors, spoken to former perpetrators and spent two weeks studying the LRA conflict in northern Uganda. It’s been a lot to take in and to be honest I don’t think I have taken much of it in just yet.
Visiting the genocide memorials is not something that I feel I am competent enough to describe in words. All I can do is encourage you to make the trek to Rwanda to visit one of the most powerful testaments to loss and forgiveness that I have ever witnessed. On a more uplifting note, visiting the Women’s Association was absolutely incredible. There are these groups of women, some whose husbands have died in the genocide others whose husbands are in jail for crimes committed during the genocide, but regardless they live together and support each other. Visiting them and hearing their stories is once again indescribable. All I can say is that I have never met a tougher group of women!
The next phase of my program is for independent research. My research is going to focus on the role of the village in conflict mediation. I plan on speaking with village chiefs, the ministry of local government and just regular citizens to hear their take on the matter. The reason I find this concept so fascinating is because it s so different than anything we have in the US. So imagine this: Your neighbor is building a house and he without realizing it builds on your land, but you haven’t been in the area for like 10 years so he tells you that too bad deal with it! Instead of suing him for all he’s worth you take it up with the abunzi. This literally means the one who reconciles. The abunzi is a member of your village who is of “honorable character”. He assembles a table of witnesses and you all talk it out and come up with a solution. No government; no lawyers.
I find this absolutely amazing. There are many other means of reconciliation used in the villages. In one of my earlier posts I talked about the umuganda, the day of mandatory community service occurring at the end of the month. The village in Rwanda does so much. It operates where the national government cannot and strives to fill gaps in development, security, and peace.
So that’s the focus of my research. I can’t wait to get started