![Woman holding children standing in line outside at a patients' clinic](https://blogs.gwu.edu/elliott-biafra/files/2022/10/PatientsClinic-670x1024.jpg)
Photographed in May 1969 by Jérôme Santandrea: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/77292
HISTORY, MEMORY & THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF THE NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR
Photographed in May 1969 by Jérôme Santandrea: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/77292
Photographed in July 1969 by Max Vaterlaus: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/47762
Photographed in June 1969 by R. Farqhuharson: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/120609
Photographed in June 1969 by S.N. https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/101256
Photographed in June 1969 by R. Farquharson: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/77286
Photographed in October 1969 by Jean Zbinden: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/101230
Photographed in September 1970 by Jean Zbinden: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/105481
Photographed in June 1999 by Fred Clarke: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/36116
Photographed in June 1999 by Fred Clarke: https://avarchives.icrc.org/Picture/36112
U.S. Oil Companies, the Nigerian Civil War, and the Origins of Opacity in the Nigerian Oil Industry (2012) illustrates how actors with different agendas under unique historical conditions worked to enshroud Nigerian oil policy in opacity throughout the period of the civil war in Nigeria, often viewing that opacity as a stabilizing force.
Klieman, Kairn A. “U.S. Companies, the Nigerian Civil War, and the Origins of Opacity in the Nigerian Oil Industry.” Journal of American History, vol. 99, iss. 1 (2012), 155-165.